- Use of high-level languages, magnetic tapes.
- Jobs are batched together by type of languages.
- An operator was hired to perform the repetitive tasks of loading jobs, starting the computer, and collecting the output (Operator-driven Shop).
- It was not feasible for users to inspect memory or patch programs directly.
Operation of Simple Batch Systems :
- The user submits a job (written on cards or tape) to a computer operator.
- The computer operator place a batch of several jobs on an input device.
- A special program, the monitor, manages the execution of each program in the batch.
- Monitor utilities are loaded when needed.
- Resident monitor is always in main memory and available for execution.